Civil Engineer

Civil Engineer Career Overview

Each day millions of people utilize these marvels of modern civilization, speeding through intricate transportation systems, residing behind the safety of dams, and streaming in and out of buildings. Few however give much thought to the mechanics that make the modern world possible. Much of the credit goes to a branch of the engineering profession called civil engineering. Civil engineering involves the design, construction, and maintenance of public infrastructure such as roadway systems, water and sewer systems, bridges, dams, and various public buildings.

Civil engineers are responsible for managing all aspects of a project. They must ensure that the structure is designed and constructed to be safe for extended use and that it will survive the effects of natural disasters common to the region. The planning and execution of a project must adhere to a pre-set budget. Civil engineers must find a way when possible to minimize costs without sacrificing quality. It is the responsibility of civil engineers to ensure that the structure is in compliance with all government regulations. Finally, civil engineers may also be involved in the maintenance of their projects and of other standing structures.

Civil engineers can work in construction, for architectural and engineering firms, for government agencies, as consultants, or for contracting construction companies. Work environments can range from local construction sites to offices to research labs. In some cases travel may be necessary when working on projects in other states or countries. They generally work a standard 40 hour work week with occasional overtime required.

Civil Engineer Training & Education

Entry-level positions in civil engineering require a bachelor's degree in the field. Those interested in pursuing a degree should locate and enroll in a program that is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Their website provides a listing of accredited universities by location. Program curricula vary by institution and may include courses in: calculus, geometry, general physics, statistics, dynamics, hydraulics, and thermodynamics. After successfully completing a program, student must take and pass the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam. This is a national exam administered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES).

It is a requirement in many states for civil engineers to obtain a Professional Engineer (PE) license in order to work on public engineering projects. The license enforces the observation of and adherence to the laws that regulate the industry called the Engineering Practice Act. Basic requirements for obtaining a license include:

• A degree from an ABET accredited program
• A passing score on the FE exam
• A minimum four years work experience in engineering
• A license application that includes a demonstrated elevation in work responsibility and references
• A passing score on the NCEES's Principles and Practices of Engineering (PE) exam

Civil Engineer Career & Salary

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Civil Engineer salaries can range between $54,520 and $104,420 with a mean annual wage of $75,230. Entry level civil engineers with a bachelor's degree can expect to earn roughly $46,509 a year. A master's degree can further increase those earnings to about $48,280 right out of college. Holders of doctorate degrees may boost their starting salaries to $62,275. Earning potential is slightly higher for government positions than private industrial positions with an annual mean wage of $83,180.

The job outlook is positive for civil engineers. Through the year 2016 the Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that jobs will continue to increase, creating a need for more skilled workers.

Characteristics of Successful Civil Engineers

Successful completion of a civil engineering degree program should endow students with in-depth training in the basic skills necessary for entry-level positions. Since accurate measurements and calculations are performed regularly, practicing engineers should be experts in and enjoy working in the areas of science and math. Since technology is an integral part of the process, excellent skill in computers and mechanics is mandatory to the successful execution of projects. Professionals should also be well-versed in the principles of design and in all aspects of project management.

There are a number of personality traits that will help individuals to succeed in this field. Creativity, curiosity, analytical skills and attention to detail are valuable in the planning and design phases of a project. Flexibility is an asset when plans change and re-organizing is required. Civil engineering projects involve the collaborative efforts of a host of individuals in order to execute a design. That is why it is also crucial for civil engineers to possess excellent communication skills, people skills, and the ability to work well as a team. One of the most important qualities that a civil engineer should possess, especially for those seeking or occupying upper-level management positions, is effective leadership skills. Coordinating a large-scale engineering project necessitates strong leadership and the ability to motivate others.

Where a Civil Engineering Degree Will Take You

Those seeking to further their careers should consider pursuing an advanced degree. Although it is not required to work in the field, obtaining a master's degree in civil engineering will increase both your earning potential and opportunities for advancement. Graduate level programs provide students with more specialized training. Students who work full-time may take advantage of the online or evening courses offered by many universities. They may also attend classes on a part-time basis. An advanced degree is required in order to teach at the university level and for research positions. Obtaining an advanced degree in business administration will also qualify professionals for top-level executive positions.

Career Fields/Specializations

Geotechnical Engineer Career

Geotechnical engineering governs the very foundation of civil engineering. Geotechnical engineers perform the critical task of analyzing the characteristics and components of the ground on which the structure will stand. They determine how these materials will affect the structure that is being built, and whether additional support structures are required to increase strength.

Environmental Engineer Career

Environmental engineers address the environmental concerns that are involved in a project. They are responsible for ensuring that our natural resources are preserved and that hazardous waste materials are disposed of safely. They continuously strive to reduce the amount of pollutants entering the environment, and to safeguard the local wildlife.

Civil Engineer Careers

Civil engineering professionals have the option to pursue positions in upper-level administration. However, these positions typically require additional education or advanced degrees. Voluntary industry certifications are also available. Accredited certifications include: Diplomate Environmental Engineer, Engineering Management Certification Fundamentals, Engineering Management Certification, Project Management Professional, and Certified Assistant in Project Management.

Civil engineering is divided into seven major sub-disciplines. These include environmental engineering, structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, water resources engineering, construction engineering, transportation engineering, and urban planning engineering. Civil engineers can also choose to limit their specialization to one or more types of structures such as skyscrapers, airports, or tunnels.

Structural Engineer Career

Structural engineers focus on the strength, endurance, and stability of a building project. The role of a structural engineer is crucial to maintaining high levels of safety. Structures such as buildings, bridges, and platforms must be able to safely support substantial loads, and withstand various forces of nature. They must take into consideration design efficiency as well as the selected materials.

Water Resources Engineer Career

Water resources engineers manage all aspects of public water systems. In order to preserve the quality of our water resources, they may develop operate wastewater treatment systems and monitor the conditions of public beaches and lakes. Water resources engineers see to it that cities maintain a reliable supply of clean water by constructing hydroelectric power facilities and maintaining city piping systems. They also work to protect the population from the potential dangers of flooding by regulating the flow of rivers and building sturdy dams.

Construction Engineer Career

Construction engineers focus on the actual execution of the design plans and building of the physical structure. They must complete the project in the designated time frame and stay within the pre-established budget.

Transportation Engineer Career

Transportation engineers facilitate the movement of the world's people and goods. Transportation engineers develop the various structures and systems that keep the world moving. This includes roads for land travel, ports for sea travel, and airfields for air travel. As our population continues to expand and the need for faster and more efficient transportation systems continues to increase, transportation engineers will continue to seek new and improved systems.

Urban Planning Engineer Career

While most other civil engineers focus on specific aspects of a city, urban planning engineers manage all design aspects of a city as a whole. Urban planning engineers are charged with designating the locations within a city for various public avenues such as residential areas, business districts, and public parks.